Artemis 2 Najviše Podseća Na Apollo 8: Šta Im Je Zajedničko i Zašto Je Misija Važna

Pre skoro 60 godina trojica Amerikanaca ušla su u istoriju kao prvi ljudi koji su napustili Zemljinu orbitu i uputili se ka Mesecu. Apollo 8 je 1968. godine prvi put odveo ljude da obiđu Mesec i omogućio čuveno Earthrise — prizor Zemlje kako izlazi iznad lunarnog horizonta. Danas se, gotovo pola veka kasnije, sličnu ulogu pripisuje misiji Artemis 2.

Šta je Artemis 2?

Artemis 2 je najavljena kao posadački let oko Meseca bez sletanja na površinu, planiran s ciljnim datumom lansiranja 1. aprila sa Kennedyjevog svemirskog centra kod Cape Canaverala na Floridi. Četvoročlana posada poći će u kapsuli Orion (Lockheed Martin), postavljenoj na vrhu rakete Space Launch System (SLS) visoke oko 322 stope (~98 m), sa ključnim dobavljačima kao što su Boeing i Northrop Grumman.

Paralele sa misijom Apollo 8

Poput Apollo 8, Artemis 2 je preteča pokušaja sledećih sletanja na Mesec: cilj je testirati sisteme, operacije i dokovanje koji će biti neophodni za kasnije misije. Apollo 8 je 21. decembra 1968. odneo tri astronaute na šestodnevno kruženje oko Meseca — provera putanje i procedura koja je omogućila kasniji uspeh Apolla 11.

Šta Artemis 2 donosi novo?

Posada Artemis 2 poći će dalje nego Apollo 8: Orion će navodno proći do oko 6.000 milja iza daleke strane Meseca, što bi, prema NASA-i, bila najudaljenija tačka do koje su ljudi ikada stigli u svemiru. Astronauti će time videti ceo disk Meseca, uključujući regione bliže polovima koje ranije misije nisu obuhvatile. Planirana povratna putanja koristiće Zemljinu gravitaciju da prirodno vrati Orion bez velike potrebe za dodatnim potiskom.

Posada Artemis 2

U posadi su četvorica iskusanih astronauta:

• Reid Wiseman — komandant, američki astronaut iz Baltimora; poslednji let 2014. do ISS.
• Victor Glover — pilot, iz Pomone (Kalifornija); učestvovao u misiji SpaceX ka ISS 2020.
• Christina Koch — misijska specijalistkinja iz Grand Rapidsa; drži nekoliko rekorda NASA-e.
• Jeremy Hansen — misijski specijalista iz Kanadske svemirske agencije; prvi Kanađanin u bliskom prolazu pored Meseca.

Ova posada donosi i simbolične premijere: Koch i Glover su, redom, među prvim ženama i prvim Afroamerikancima u NASA-inim planiranim lunarnim posadama, dok će Hansen predstavljati Kanadu u bliskoj lunarnom prolazu.

Pogled unapred: Artemis 3 i Artemis 4

Artemis 2 je najavljena kao priprema za naredne misije u okviru programa Artemis. NASA je revidirala raspored: očekivano je da će sletanje na Mesec uslediti tokom Artemis 4 (planirano za 2028), dok je za 2027. predviđena misija Artemis 3 u kojoj će Orion dokovati sa jednim od lunarnih modula koji razvijaju komercijalne kompanije poput Blue Origin i SpaceX.

Zaključak

Artemis 2 predstavlja značajan korak u povratku ljudi na Mesec: misija kombinuje istorijski predložak Apolla 8 sa novim tehnologijama i međunarodnom saradnjom, testirajući sisteme neophodne za sledeći talas ljudskih misija na lunarnoj površini.

Napomena: Neki detalji (datumi i rasporedi) su tentativni i mogu se promeniti u zavisnosti od tehničkih provera i odluka NASA-e.

The Apollo 8 crew is seen inside the gondola during centrifuge training Nov. 1, 1968. Left to right are astronauts William A. Anders, lunar module pilot, James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; and Frank Borman, commander.

The Apollo 8 Crew included James Lovell, Command Module (CM) pilot; William Anders, Lunar Module (LM) pilot; and Frank Borman, commander. The first crewed Apollo mission launched Dec. 21, 1968 aboard the Saturn V rocket, with the crew returning Dec. 27 safely to Earth.

Astronauts William A. Anders, James A. Lovell Jr., and Frank Borman, (left to right) are Oct. 28 1968 seen inside Apollo Boilerplate 1102A during water egress training

Recovery activities of the Apollo 8 Crew and Command Module (CM)-103 Spacecraft inspection onboard the USS Yorktown

The Apollo 8 mission captured this photos of the moon Dec. 22, 1968.

NASA's towering Saturn V spacecraft launches Dec. 21, 1968 on its first crewed mission, Apollo 8, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

he Apollo 8 crew leaves the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Manned Spacecraft Operations Building (MSOB) during the Apollo 8 prelaunch countdown.

The Apollo 8 crew stands in front of the Apollo space vehicle as it leaves the Kennedy Space Center's Vehicle Assembly Building on its way to Launch Complex 39A. The Saturn V stack and its mobile launch tower are atop a huge crawler-transporter. The Apollo 8 crew consisted of (left to right) astronauts Frank Borman, commander; James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; and William A. Anders, lunar module pilot.

The 363-foot-high Apollo Saturn V space vehicle dwarfs the Apollo 8 Astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders as it's rolled out Oct. 9, 1968 to the launch pad in Cape Canaveral, Florida.

The crew of the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission, astronauts William A. Anders, James A. Lovell Jr. and Frank Borman, are pictured Nov. 1, 1968 suited up for centrifuge training.

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman stands with the Artemis II crew during an SLS rollout press briefing.

Thecrew of ArtemisII (from left: Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen, Mission Specialist Christina Koch, Pilot Victor Glover and Commander Reid Wiseman) answer questions at a press conference as their Space Launch System rocket is transported to Pad 39B January 17, 2026. Artemis II is tentatively scheduled to launch on a mission to th Moon in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK

Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman answers questions during a press conference at Kennedy Space Center, FL January 17, 2026. The Artemis II crew is tentatively scheduled to launch in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK

Artemis II Pilot Victor Glover answers questions during a press conference at Kennedy Space Center, FL January 17, 2026. The Artemis II crew is tentatively scheduled to launch in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK

Artemis II Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen answers questions during a press conference at Kennedy Space Center, FL January 17, 2026. The Artemis II crew is tentatively scheduled to launch in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK

The Artemis II crew poses in front of an Orion simulator Jan. 23, 2026 at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.

Four astronauts will venture around the Moon on Artemis II, the first crewed mission on NASA's path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration through Artemis. The 10-day flight will help confirm systems and hardware needed for early human lunar exploration missions.

The crew of Artemis II (from left) Jeremy Hansen, Christina Koch, Victor Glover and Reid Wiseman leave crew quarters December 20, 2025 during their pre-launch rehearsal. Craig Bailey, FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK

Artemis II mission specialist Christina Koch talks with spectators as the crew leaves crew quarters December 20, 2025 during their pre-launch rehearsal. Craig Bailey, FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK

The astronauts of Artemis II (from left) Victor Glover, Jeremy Hansen, Reid Wiseman and Christina Koch leave crew quarters December 20, 2025 during their pre-launch rehearsal. Craig Bailey, FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK

Artemis 2 crew members, shown Aug. 8, 2023 inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, walk toward their Orion crew module.