U pritvorskom centru u Pasayu spašeni su strani radnici iz industrije sajber-prevara, ali mnogi i dalje čekaju povratak kući. Radnici su često bili primorani na rad, loše plaćeni i izloženi nasilju i prodaji između grupa. Filipinske vlasti su zabranile operacije u julu 2024, zaplenivši velike kompleksa, ali manje ćelije mreže i dalje predstavljaju izazov za istragu i zaštitu žrtava.
Unutar pritvorskog centra u Pasayu: radnici sajber-prevara čekaju povratak kući
A rescued Vietnamese scam worker shows how he exercises using improvised weights made of a wooden stick and water jugs as he waits to be repatriated at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Pasay, Filipini — Iz rodnog sela na jugu Kine, muškarac koji je u tekstu predstavljen kao Wind rekao je da ga je rođak namamio obećanjem kancelarijskog posla u Manili. Umesto administrativnih zadataka i plate od 10.000 juana (oko 1.500 dolara) mesečno, odmah je shvatio da mora da radi u centrima za onlajn prevare i prima platu od oko 50 dolara.
Kada nije uspevao da prevari ljude kako se očekivalo, vlasnici su ga prodavali drugim kriminalnim grupama, rekao je. Tokom nekoliko narednih godina bio je u ciklusu: slab učinak u prevarama, batine i ponovna prodaja — navodno je prodat najmanje pola tuceta puta, po cenama koje su se kretale od nekoliko hiljada dolara do 2,1 miliona pesosa (oko 34.000 dolara).
Wind je među stotinama radnika koji su stradali u industriji sajber-prevara koja se razgranala po jugoistočnoj Aziji — od Filipina do Kambodže. Radnici sedeju ispred računara i do 16 sati dnevno i učestvuju u kompleksnim prevarama. Ujedinjeni narodi procenjuju da više od 300.000 ljudi iz oko 66 zemalja čini tu radnu snagu.
U julu 2024. predsednik Filipina Ferdinand Marcos Jr. naredio je zabranu takvih operacija i pokrenuo nacionalnu akciju; mnogi veliki kompleksi su zaplenjeni, ali su kriminalne mreže potom splinterisale u manje i teže uočljive jedinice.
Wind je spašen u raciji u martu 2024. iz kompleksa u Bambanu, delom povezanim sa bivšom gradonačelnicom Alice Guo, koja je osuđena zbog trgovine ljudima. On i drugi spašeni stranci prebačeni su u zgradu Nasdake — šestospratnicu koju je Predsednička komisija za borbu protiv organizovanog kriminala (PAOCC) zaplenila 2023. i preuredila u privremeni pritvorski centar.
Mnogi stanari centra dolaze iz regiona (Vijetnam, Kina, Malezija), a bilo je i osoba iz udaljenijih država poput Madagaskara. Neki su bili žrtve trgovine ljudima, drugi su došli dobrovoljno u nadi da će zaraditi.
Još jedan svedok, predstavljen kao Jade, rekao je da je više puta pretučen — jednom toliko da je morao da izvadi zub zbog bola. Nasilje i zastrašivanje koriste se kao mehanizmi prinude.
"Pretukli su me zato što nisam hteo da varam ljude," rekao je Jade tokom intervjua.
Unutrašnjost Nasdake kombinovala je kancelarijske prostorije nekadašnjih operacija i prostore za pritvor: kancelarije preuređene u sobe sa krevetima na sprat, mini-karaoke i masažne apartmane pored prostora u kojima su, kako su pokazale vlasti, vršena fizička mučenja. U najkritičnijem periodu centar je držao više od 900 ljudi, dok je tokom organizovanih repatrijacija taj broj pao na približno 70.
Kompleks Baofu, povezan sa istom mrežom i udaljen oko sat i po od Manile, takođe je opisan kao mešavina luksuza i radne eksploatacije: bazen i restorani pored gomile drvenih kreveta za radnike. Nakon spasavanja Wind kaže da mu je iskustvo slomilo poverenje: "Ne verujem da postoji neko kome možeš da veruješ. Svako pokušava da te prevari."
Trenutna situacija ukazuje na težak posao pred lokalnim i međunarodnim vlastima: dok se veliki centri razbijaju i zatvaraju, mreže se reorganizuju u manje jedinice koje je teže otkriti i razbiti, a mnogi preživeli i dalje čekaju repatrijaciju i pravnu zaštitu.
A security guard walks along living quarters for detainees at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound, in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, Sept. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A rescued Chinese scam worker using the pseudonym Wind, part of the condition of interviewing someone serving in the witness protection program for the Philippines authorities, poses with a tablet showing messages he used to scam his victims as he waits to be repatriated at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound, in Pasay, Philippines Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A journalist checks signs inside an abandoned residential building at the sprawling former Baofu scam compound that was raided by authorities last year in Bamban, Tarlac city, northern Philippines, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
SIM cards and computer accessories remain at the sprawling former Baofu scam compound that was raided by authorities last year in Bamban, Tarlac city, northern Philippines, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
An officer of the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission looks at notes left behind at the sprawling former Baofu scam compound after authorities raided it last year in Bamban, Tarlac city, northern Philippines, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Rescued scam workers hide their faces from the camera as they wait to go the canteen at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound, in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A baton, stick and handcuffs are seen in the "torture room" where workers were allegedly tied to steel rods and punished if they did not perform as expected at a former scam compound that is now being used as the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, Sept. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A rescued Chinese scam worker who said he was beaten multiple times and is now serving in the witness protection program for the Philippines authorities and using the pseudonym Jade, looks out a window at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound, in Pasay, Philippines Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A sign warning against urinating in public is posted at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound, as a rescued Chinese scam worker cooks outside the canteen in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Clothes from rescued scam workers hang outside their rooms at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Shoes from the daughter of a former scam worker are left to dry at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A damaged golf cart sits outside an abandoned residential building at the sprawling former Baofu scam compound that was raided by authorities last year in Bamban, Tarlac city, northern Philippines, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Grass grows on an abandoned vehicle at the sprawling former Baofu scam compound that was raided by authorities last year in Bamban, Tarlac city, northern Philippines, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A rescued Indonesian scam worker walks inside the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A swimming pool sits empty at the sprawling former Baofu scam compound that was raided by authorities last year in Bamban, Tarlac city, northern Philippines, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A rescued scam worker picks out soup at the canteen at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Lights flash in a karaoke room at a former scam compound that is now being used as the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center for rescued scam workers in Pasay, Philippines, Wednesday, June 4, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A man walks along what used to be karaoke rooms at a former scam compound that is now being used as the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center for rescued scam workers in Pasay, Philippines, Wednesday, June 4, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A bedroom sits empty at one of the residences at the sprawling former Baofu scam compound that was raided by authorities last year in Bamban, Tarlac city, northern Philippines, Thursday, June 5, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Employees play basketball as they take a break while working at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
A rescued Vietnamese scam worker rests inside his room at the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Commission temporary detention center, a former scam compound in Pasay, Philippines, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)(AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
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