Datum lansiranja Artemis 2 i dalje neizvestan nakon curenja vodonika — Šta treba da znate

NASA-ina misija Artemis 2, prvi planirani let sa posadom u okviru programa Artemis, ponovo je odložena nakon što je tokom ključnog pre-lansirnog testa otkriveno curenje vodonika. Agencija je privremeno ispumpala gorivo i još nije objavila novi zvanični datum lansiranja; najranija moguća prilika trenutno je 6. mart.

Šta se dogodilo

U ponedeljak, 2. februara, timovi su izvodili tzv. wet dress rehearsal — probu u kojoj se raketa puni gorivom kako bi se testirale sve procedure i sistemi pre lansiranja. Tokom punjenja SLS rakete otkriveno je curenje vodonika u osnovnoj fazi (core stage) visokoj oko 212 стопа (≈65 m). Zbog rizika, približno 700.000 galona (≈2,65 miliona litara) kriogenog goriva je ispumpano i otklonjen je rizik od daljeg curenja.

Masivna raketa SLS duga je oko 322 стопе (≈98 m) i od sredine januara bila je uspravno na lansirnom postolju. NASA trenutno ispituje da li je neophodno da se raketa vrati u Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) radi popravki, ili da se kvar otkloni na postolju.

Raspored lansiranja

Zbog položaja Meseca u odnosu na Zemlju, NASA je početkom januara odredila tri lansirna perioda između 6. februara i 6. aprila. Pošto je prvi prozor sada isključen, preostaju dva moguća perioda:

• Period 28. feb–13. mar — Mogućnosti lansiranja: 6–9. mart i 11. mart.
• Period 27. mar–10. apr — Mogućnosti lansiranja: 1. april i 3–6. april.

NASA još nije potvrdila tačan datum; menadžeri misije sada analiziraju rezultate testa i rizike pre nego što zakažu novu priliku.

Posada Artemis 2

Artemis 2 nosi četvoro astronauta koji će testirati let sa posadom oko Meseca, ali bez sletanja:

Reid Wiseman — komandant misije, rodom iz Baltimora; poslednji put je bio u svemiru 2014. na Sojuzu do ISS-a.

Victor Glover — pilot misije iz Pomone, Kalifornija; leteo je 2020. na misiji kompanije SpaceX do ISS-a.

Christina Koch — misijska specijalistkinja iz Grand Rapidsa, Mičigen; drži nekoliko rekorda u NASA-i i letila je 2019. na Sojuzu do ISS-a.

Jeremy Hansen — astronaut Kanadske svemirske agencije; biće prvi Kanađanin koji će se naći tako blizu Meseca i radiće kao misijski specijalista.

Odlaganje značи da su astronauti napustili karantin u Johnson Space Center-u u Houstonu; protokol nalaže povratak u karantin otprilike dve nedelje pre sledeće prilike za lansiranje.

Cilj misije i kontekst

Artemis 2 neće sleteti na Mesec; radi se o desetodnevnoj misiji tokom koje će posada obići Mesec i testirati Orion kapsulu i sisteme koji će podržati buduća sletanja. Orion, koji proizvodi Lockheed Martin, trebalo bi da se udalji oko 4.700 milja (≈7.564 km) iza daleke strane Meseca — najdalje udaljenje ljudi od Zemlje nakon ranijih misija.

Ovo je nastavak testiranja nakon uspešnog Artemis 1 probnog leta bez posade 16. novembra 2022. godine. Planovi za sledeće misije (kao što je Artemis 3, koja predviđa sletanje) i dalje zavise od uspeha ovih proba i od političkih i tehničkih odluka.

Ukratko: Problem sa curenjem vodonika tokom wet dress rehearsala odložio je Artemis 2; NASA radi na proceni i popravkama, a novi zvanični datum još nije objavljen.

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