Axiom, Vast i Voyager: Još Jedna Kompanija Šalje Privatne Astronaute Na ISS

Međunarodna svemirska stanica (ISS) sve češće postaje destinacija i za privatne astronaute koje šalju komercijalne svemirske kompanije. NASA proširuje partnerstva sa privatnim firmama kako bi podstakla razvoj orbitalne ekonomije i pripremila teren za prelaz na komercijalne stanice nakon penzionisanja trenutnog ISS-a.

Šta je dogovoreno?

NASA je izabrala Voyager Technologies kao trećeg komercijalnog partnera za poslove slanja privatnih astronauta na ISS. Prema sporazumu, Voyager može nominovati posadu od četiri privatna astronauta koja bi, nakon odobrenja NASA-e i međunarodnih partnera, mogla da poleti najranije 2028. i da boravi do dve nedelje na stanici.

Gde se uklapaju Axiom i Vast?

Axiom Space je već izveo četiri privatne misije između 2022. i 2025. i planira petu privatnu misiju u januaru 2027. Kompanija Vast iz Kalifornije cilja sličnu privatnu misiju tokom leta 2027. Voyagerova misija bila bi sedma takva misija ukupno.

Kako funkcionišu ove misije?

Kompanije nominovane za privatne misije mogu predložiti po četvoro privatnih astronauta; njihova imena mora da odobri NASA i međunarodni partneri. Privatni astronauti prolaze obuku zajedno sa NASA-inim timovima pre lansiranja. Iako nisu vladini astronauti, mnogi imaju ozbiljno iskustvo — primer je penzionisana NASA astronautkinja Peggy Whitson koja se vratila na ISS kroz saradnju sa Axiom-om.

Lansiranje: SpaceX, sa raketom Falcon 9 i kapsulom Crew Dragon, ostaje glavni ponuđač lansiranja za američke operacije jer je to trenutno jedini američki sistem sposoban za transport posada do i sa ISS-a.

Ko je Voyager Technologies?

Voyager Technologies je odbrambeno-svemirska kompanija sa sedištem u Denveru, Colorado. Zajedno sa Vast i Axiom-om, radi na razvoju komercijalnih orbitalnih stanica. Njihov koncept Starlab dobio je 217,5 miliona dolara kroz NASA-in program, a kompanija ulaže i u tehnologije za buduća lunarna staništa koja bi mogla sarađivati sa programom Artemis.

Voyager je u zvaničnom saopštenju naveo da partnerstvo sa NASA-om potvrđuje veru u infrastrukturu koja se danas gradi u niskoj Zemljinoj orbiti kao polaznu tačku za buduće misije u dubokom svemiru.

Zašto je to važno?

Ove misije su deo šire strategije da se rad u niskoj Zemljinoj orbiti postepeno prebaci iz isključivo državnih u komercijalne ruke. To omogućava rast privatnih industrija, nove mogućnosti za istraživanja u mikrogravitaciji i potencijalno niže troškove i veću fleksibilnost u pristupu svemiru.

Ko je trenutno na ISS-u?

Na ISS-u se, prema poslednjim podacima, nalazi sedam članova Ekspedicije 74. Nedavno su stigli članovi misije Crew-12 — NASA-ini astronauti Jessica Meir i Jack Hathaway, evropska astronautkinja Sophie Adenot i ruski kosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev — koji ostaju na stanici oko devet meseci. Takođe su prisutni NASA-ov astronaut Chris Williams i ruski kosmonauti Sergey Mikaev i Sergey Kud-Sverchkov, koji su došli Soyuz MS-28 letelicom.

Napomena: Ove informacije su zasnovane na javno objavljenim izvorima i izjavama kompanija i NASA-e. Datumi misija mogu se promeniti u zavisnosti od tehničkih, sigurnosnih i administrativnih odluka.

The Artemis II mission launches April 1 from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The four-person crew aboard the Orion spacecraft hitched a ride to orbit atop NASA's giant 322-foot Space Launch System rocket. Launching atop 8.8 million pounds of thrust, the SLS is the most powerful rocket NASA ever launched, about 17% more powerful than the iconic Saturn V rocket used during the Apollo era.

Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman of NASA took this stunning photograph of Earth from the Orion spacecraft's window on April 2. The image is reminiscent of the iconic "blue marble" image captured during the Apollo 17 mission in 1972.

NASA astronaut Christina Koch, a mission specialist on Artemis II, gazes out the windows of the Orion vehicle back at Earth as she and the crew head toward the moon. Koch, who already holds several NASA records from her first spaceflight in 2019 to the International Space Station, became the first woman to fly on a lunar mission.

Before going to sleep April 5, the Artemis II crew snapped one more photo of the moon, as it drew close in the window of the Orion spacecraft. Shortly after, the astronauts entered the lunar sphere of influence, where the pull of the moon's gravity became stronger than Earth's.

The crew of Artemis II captured a breathtaking image of a celestial event known as an "Earthset," in which the Earth dropped below the lunar horizon. The image is reminiscent of the iconic "Earthrise" photo that NASA astronaut Bill Anders captured in 1968 during the Apollo 8 mission that showed our planet rising on the lunar horizon.

Of the impact craters, ancient lava flows and other lunar features the Artemis II astronauts observed during an April 6 flyby, a crater known as the Orientale basin was perhaps the most prominent. Spanning nearly 600 miles, the 3.8 billion year old crater (seen in the upper center of this photo) had never been seen with the naked eye prior to the mission.

The Orion spacecraft the Artemis II astronauts were aboard is captured in the same frame as both the moon and Earth in this photo captured about four hours into the historic April 6 flyby.

This image shows the moon fully eclipsing the sun from the vantage of the Orion spacecraft, not unlike what millions of people witnessed in April 2024 from Earth. From the crew’s perspective, the moon appeared large enough to completely block the sun, creating nearly 54 minutes of totality and revealing our star's elusive outermost layer, known as the corona.

The crew members of Artemis II embrace following the historic lunar flyby April 6, during which the astronauts flew farther from Earth than anyone in human history while seeing sights of the moon's far side never seen in person.

The Artemis II crew captured this breathtaking photo of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Spanning more than 100,000 light-years, Earth is located along one of the galaxy’s spiral arms, about halfway from the center.

NASA astronaut Mike Fincke inserts a cryogenic storage unit containing research samples into a science freezer for preservation and later analysis on the International Space Station.

This view of Earth was captured from a window on a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft as it approached the International Space Station.

NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Jonny Kim practice using a robotic arm on the Destiny laboratory module’s robotics workstation on the International Space Station. Kim used the device in September to capture Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus XL cargo craft as it arrived at the outpost.

Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus XL cargo craft, carrying over 11,000 pounds of new science and supplies for the Expedition 73 crew, is pictured in the grips of the International Space Station’s Canadarm2 robotic arm following its capture.

Roscosmos cosmonaut Sergey Ryzhikov conducts a spacewalk Oct. 16 outside the International Space Station.

The International Space Station is seen from the Crew 8 SpaceX Dragon during undocking in October 2024.

The International Space Station as seen in Nov. 2021 from astronauts aboard a SpaceX Dragon.

This still from a video captured by NASA astronaut Zena Cardman, a member of Crew-11, from the International Space Station shows auroras above the South Pacific Ocean. Cardman took the footage from a SpaceX Dragon capsule that was docked at the time.

NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 Commander Suni Williams is pictured Thursday, Jan. 30 during her second spacewalk of the month. In this photo, Williams is attached to the tip of the Canadarm2 robotic arm as the International Space Station orbits 260 miles above Earth.

NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 members pose together for a portrait inside the vestibule between the International Space Station and the SpaceX Dragon crew spacecraft. Clockwise from left, are NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore, Nick Hague, and Suni Williams, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksandr Gorbunov.

NASA celebrates the safe return of theArtemis II crewin Houston, Texas, on April 11, 2026, during a welcoming ceremony a day after splashdown from their moon mission.(L-R) NASA's Artemis II mission astronauts Canadian Space Agency's Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist Christina Koch, pilot Victor Glover and commander Reid Wiseman greet attendees to their welcoming ceremony at Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base.

(L-R) NASA's Artemis II mission astronauts Canadian Space Agency's Jeremy Hansen, commander Reid Wiseman, mission specialist Christina Koch and pilot Victor Glover attend a welcoming ceremony at Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base in Houston, Texas, on April 11, 2026. An elated NASA late April 10 was celebrating its successful voyage around the Moon, after four astronauts safely returned to Earth having completed the first lunar flyby in more than 50 years. The NASA spacecraft carrying four astronauts -- three Americans and one Canadian -- splashed down without a hitch off the California coast, capping the US space agency's crewed test mission that returned with spectacular images of the Moon.

(L-R) NASA's Artemis II mission astronauts Canadian Space Agency's Jeremy Hansen, Christina Koch, Victor Glover and commander Reid Wiseman react during a welcoming ceremony at Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base in Houston, Texas, on April 11, 2026. An elated NASA late April 10 was celebrating its successful voyage around the Moon, after four astronauts safely returned to Earth having completed the first lunar flyby in more than 50 years. The NASA spacecraft carrying four astronauts -- three Americans and one Canadian -- splashed down without a hitch off the California coast, capping the US space agency's crewed test mission that returned with spectacular images of the Moon.

(L-R) NASA's Artemis II mission astronauts Canadian Space Agency's Jeremy Hansen, Christina Koch, Victor Glover and commander Reid Wiseman react during a welcoming ceremony at Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base in Houston, Texas, on April 11, 2026. An elated NASA late April 10 was celebrating its successful voyage around the Moon, after four astronauts safely returned to Earth having completed the first lunar flyby in more than 50 years. The NASA spacecraft carrying four astronauts -- three Americans and one Canadian -- splashed down without a hitch off the California coast, capping the US space agency's crewed test mission that returned with spectacular images of the Moon.

(L-R) NASA's Artemis II mission astronauts Canadian Space Agency's Jeremy Hansen, commander Reid Wiseman, mission specialist Christina Koch and pilot Victor Glover attend a welcoming ceremony at Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base in Houston, Texas, on April 11, 2026. An elated NASA late April 10 was celebrating its successful voyage around the Moon, after four astronauts safely returned to Earth having completed the first lunar flyby in more than 50 years. The NASA spacecraft carrying four astronauts -- three Americans and one Canadian -- splashed down without a hitch off the California coast, capping the US space agency's crewed test mission that returned with spectacular images of the Moon.

NASA's Artemis II mission commander Reid Wiseman (R) shakes hands with pilot Victor Glover as Christina Koch looks on during a welcoming ceremony at Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base in Houston, Texas, on April 11, 2026. An elated NASA late April 10 was celebrating its successful voyage around the Moon, after four astronauts safely returned to Earth having completed the first lunar flyby in more than 50 years. The NASA spacecraft carrying four astronauts -- three Americans and one Canadian -- splashed down without a hitch off the California coast, capping the US space agency's crewed test mission that returned with spectacular images of the Moon.

The four crew members representing NASA’s SpaceX Crew-12 mission to the International Space Station pose for a portrait at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. From left are, Roscosmos cosmonaut and Mission Specialist Andrey Fedyaev, NASA astronauts Jack Hathaway and Jessica Meir, Crew-12 Pilot and Commander respectively, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut and Mission Specialist Sophie Adenot.

The four members of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-12 mission to the International Space Station pose together for a crew portrait in their pressure suits at SpaceX headquarters in Hawthorne, California. From left are, Roscosmos cosmonaut and Mission Specialist Andrey Fedyaev, NASA astronauts Jack Hathaway and Jessica Meir, Pilot and Commander respectively, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut and Mission Specialist Sophie Adenot.

The four members of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-12 mission to the International Space Station pose together for a crew portrait inside a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft. From left are, Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev, NASA astronauts Jack Hathaway and Jessica Meir, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Sophie Adenot.

From left to right, NASA astronauts Jessica Meir, Jack Hathaway, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Sophie Adenot, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev are NASA’s SpaceX Crew-12 launching to the International Space Station in February.

The four members of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-12 mission to the International Space Station pose together for an official crew portrait. From left are, Roscosmos cosmonaut and Mission Specialist Andrey Fedyaev, NASA astronauts Jessica Meir and Jack Hathaway, Commander and Pilot respectively, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut and Mission Specialist Sophie Adenot.

Crew members of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-12 mission, from left to right, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Sophie Adenot, NASA astronauts Jessica Meir and Jack Hathaway, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev arrive Friday, Feb. 6, 2026, at the Launch and Landing Facility at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Crew-12 mission is slated to launch to the International Space Station aboard SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft atop company’s Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station’s Space Launch Complex 40 at 6:01 a.m. EST on Wednesday, Feb. 11.

Crew members of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-12 mission, from left to right, Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Fedyaev, NASA astronauts Jack Hathaway and Jessica Meir, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Sophie Adenot, participate in a news conference from Astronaut Crew Quarters inside the Neil A. Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Sunday, Feb. 8, 2026.

Pilot Jack Hathaway, a Navy pilot from Connecticut who is making his first spaceflight after he was selected as part of the 2021 NASA astronaut class.

Mission commander Jessica Meir, a marine biologist from Maine who was selected as a NASA astronaut in 2013 and is making her second trip to the space station.