Artemis III Počinje Da Poprima Oblik: Kompleksna Misija 2027. Koja Priprema Povratak Na Mesec

Artemis III je sve detaljnije definisana misija NASA-e koja je planirana za 2027. godinu i predstavlja ključni korak u pripremi sletanja ljudi na Mesec 2028. Iako posada ove misije neće odmah sletati na površinu Meseca, zadaci koje će obaviti u Zemljinoj orbiti su od velike važnosti za buduće lunarne operacije i izgradnju stalne baze.

Šta je cilj misije?

Primarni cilj Artemis III je testiranje dokovanja kapsule Orion sa komercijalnim lunarnim landerima koje razvijaju SpaceX (Starship HLS) i Blue Origin (Blue Moon Mark 2). Misija obuhvata više lansiranja i koordinaciju više svemirskih letelica u obećavajuće, ali tehnički zahtevne operacije spoja i upravljanja u orbiti.

Zašto je misija složena?

Kako je istakao Jeremy Parsons, zamenik administratora NASA-e, Artemis III spaja rad različitih partnera, posada i zemaljskih timova. Misija će istovremeno proveravati rad Oriona, navodnu interoperabilnost sa landerima, sisteme za životnu podršku, nove vanpovršinske skafandere i unapređeni toplotni štit za povratak kroz atmosferu.

"Po dizajnu integrišemo više partnera i međusobno povezanih operacija u ovu misiju, što će nam pomoći da naučimo kako Orion, posada i zemaljski timovi međusobno deluju zajedno sa hardverom i ekipama oba ponuđača landera pre nego što pošaljemo astronaute na površinu Meseca i započnemo izgradnju baze tamo." — Jeremy Parsons

Posada, trajanje i zadaci

NASA još nije imenovala posadu za Artemis III. Iako će astronauti ostati u niskoj Zemljinoj orbiti (neće direktno sletati na Mesec), planirano je da provedu više dana u svemiru nego članovi posade Artemis II, koji su proveli deset dana i putovali rekordnih 252.756 milja (~406.700 km) od Zemlje. Tačan trajanje misije još nije objavljeno.

Među ključnim zadacima su: izvođenje procedura dokovanja, testiranje sistema za životnu podršku, proba vanpovršinskih skafandera koje razvija kompanija Axiom Space, i ispitivanje unapređenog toplotnog štita pri povratku Orion kapsule kroz atmosferu kako bi se omogućili fleksibilniji i robusniji profili ponovnog ulaska.

Raketa i tehničke promene

Za lansiranje će se ponovo koristiti ogromna raketa Space Launch System (SLS), visoka 322 stope (oko 98 m). Iako je SLS već korišćen na prethodnim Artemis misijama, za Artemis III planirana je promena gornje sekcije: umesto dosadašnje interim cryogenic propulsion stage (ICPS) sa motorom, raketa će koristiti gornju sekciju bez pogonskog motora. Ova promena utiče na profil lansiranja i integraciju sa ostalim elementima misije.

Značaj za budućnost

Artemis III je deo šire kampanje koja ima za cilj izgradnju lunarne baze vredne procenjenih 20 milijardi dolara u blizini lunarnog južnog pola, gde bi astronauti mogli dugoročno da žive i rade. Uspesi u ovoj misiji bi omogućili pouzdanije operacije na Mesecu i pripremu za buduće misije dublje u Sunčev sistem, uključujući ljudsku ekspediciju na Mars.

Misija će pratiti dalji razvoj komercijalnih landera (Starship HLS i Blue Moon Mark 2), donošenje konačnih odluka o tome da li će astronauti koristiti landere, kao i dalja testiranja opreme i procedura neophodnih za bezbedan povratak i buduće sletanje na Mesec.

Autor originalnog teksta: Eric Lagatta, USA TODAY. Tekst je prerađen i prilagođen za srpsko govorno područje.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

NASA released thousands of new photos taken during the Artemis II mission around the moon. The astronauts selected for the mission thoroughly documented the 10-day voyage, which included an April 6 lunar flyby as they traveled more than a quarter-million miles from Earth.

The Artemis II mission launches April 1 from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The four-person crew aboard the Orion spacecraft hitched a ride to orbit atop NASA's giant 322-foot Space Launch System rocket. Launching atop 8.8 million pounds of thrust, the SLS is the most powerful rocket NASA ever launched, about 17% more powerful than the iconic Saturn V rocket used during the Apollo era.

Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman of NASA took this stunning photograph of Earth from the Orion spacecraft's window on April 2. The image is reminiscent of the iconic "blue marble" image captured during the Apollo 17 mission in 1972.

NASA astronaut Christina Koch, a mission specialist on Artemis II, gazes out the windows of the Orion vehicle back at Earth as she and the crew head toward the moon. Koch, who already holds several NASA records from her first spaceflight in 2019 to the International Space Station, became the first woman to fly on a lunar mission.

Before going to sleep April 5, the Artemis II crew snapped one more photo of the moon, as it drew close in the window of the Orion spacecraft. Shortly after, the astronauts entered the lunar sphere of influence, where the pull of the moon's gravity became stronger than Earth's.

The crew of Artemis II captured a breathtaking image of a celestial event known as an "Earthset," in which the Earth dropped below the lunar horizon. The image is reminiscent of the iconic "Earthrise" photo that NASA astronaut Bill Anders captured in 1968 during the Apollo 8 mission that showed our planet rising on the lunar horizon.

Of the impact craters, ancient lava flows and other lunar features the Artemis II astronauts observed during an April 6 flyby, a crater known as the Orientale basin was perhaps the most prominent. Spanning nearly 600 miles, the 3.8 billion year old crater (seen in the upper center of this photo) had never been seen with the naked eye prior to the mission.

The Orion spacecraft the Artemis II astronauts were aboard is captured in the same frame as both the moon and Earth in this photo captured about four hours into the historic April 6 flyby.

This image shows the moon fully eclipsing the sun from the vantage of the Orion spacecraft, not unlike what millions of people witnessed in April 2024 from Earth. From the crew’s perspective, the moon appeared large enough to completely block the sun, creating nearly 54 minutes of totality and revealing our star's elusive outermost layer, known as the corona.

The crew members of Artemis II embrace following the historic lunar flyby April 6, during which the astronauts flew farther from Earth than anyone in human history while seeing sights of the moon's far side never seen in person.

The Artemis II crew captured this breathtaking photo of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Spanning more than 100,000 light-years, Earth is located along one of the galaxy’s spiral arms, about halfway from the center.

US President Donald Trump welcomesArtemis IIastronauts Victor Glover (L), Christina Koch (2nd L), Reid Wiseman (2nd R) and Jeremy Hansen (R) in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington, DC, on April 29, 2026.

Pilot Victor Glover (L) and mission specialist Christina Koch look on during an event with U.S. President Donald Trump in the Oval Office of the White House on April 29, 2026 in Washington, DC. The astronauts set a new record for the farthest any human has ever traveled into space aboard the Artemis II Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft, orbiting around the moon and back while reaching 252,756 miles from Earth.

Artemis II astronaut, mission specialist Christina Koch attends an event with U.S. President Donald Trump in the Oval Office of the White House on April 29, 2026 in Washington, DC.

President Donald Trump speaks during an event with the Artemis II astronauts, mission specialist Christina Koch, commander Reid Wiseman and mission specialist Jeremy Hansen of CSA (Canadian Space Agency), in the Oval Office of the White House on April 29, 2026 in Washington, DC.

Commander Reid Wiseman (L) and mission specialist Jeremy Hansen of CSA (Canadian Space Agency) look on during a meeting with U.S. President Donald Trump in the Oval Office of the White House on April 29, 2026 in Washington, DC.

A golden moon sits on the desk in front of U.S. President Donald Trump as he takes questions from the media during an event with Artemis II astronauts in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington, DC. on April 29, 2026.

U.S. President Donald Trump greets NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman and the Artemis II astronauts, pilot Victor Glover and mission specialist Christina Koch in the Oval Office of the White House on April 29, 2026 in Washington, DC. The astronauts set a new record for the farthest any human has ever traveled into space aboard the Artemis II Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft, orbiting around the moon and back while reaching 252,756 miles from Earth.

President Donald Trump speaks during an event with the Artemis II astronauts, commander Reid Wiseman and mission specialist Jeremy Hansen of CSA (Canadian Space Agency), in the Oval Office of the White House on April 29, 2026 in Washington, DC. The astronauts set a new record for the farthest any human has ever traveled into space aboard the Artemis II Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft, orbiting around the moon and back while reaching 252,756 miles from Earth.

US President Donald Trump speaks as he welcomes the Artemis II astronauts in the Oval Office at the White House in Washington, DC, on April 29, 2026.

President Donald Trump greets Artemis II mission specialist Jeremy Hansen of CSA (Canadian Space Agency) during an event with NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman (L) and the Artemis II astronauts, pilot Victor Glover, mission specialist Christina Koch and commander Reid Wiseman in the Oval Office of the White House on April 29, 2026 in Washington, DC. The astronauts set a new record for the farthest any human has ever traveled into space aboard the Artemis II Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft, orbiting around the moon and back while reaching 252,756 miles from Earth.