Stotine južnoameričkih morskih ptica pojavile su se u Panamskom zalivu zbog snažnog El Niño koji zagreva istočni Tihi okean i smanjuje dostupnost inćuna i sardina. Posmatranja eBird-a beleže 60–400 plavonogih boobyja oko Peñón de San José od juna, značajno više nego u nekim prethodnim El Niño periodima. Stručnjaci upozoravaju da produbljivanje termokline smanjuje morsku produktivnost i narušava razmnožavanje ptica, dok klimatske promene mogu uticati na učestalost ovakvih događaja.
El Niño Gura Južnoameričke Morske Ptice Ka Panami — Stotine Plavonogih Boobyja U Zalivu
Adult and immature blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii) rest on rocks near the entrance to the Panama Canal as seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, off the coast of Panama City, Panama, August 5, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
PANAMA BAY, Panama, 14. avgust — Jata morskih ptica koje su uobičajeno vezane za hladne, hranljive vode uz obale Perua i Čilea pojavila su se znatno izvan svoje uobičajene teritorije u Panamskom zalivu. Snažan El Niño zagreva istočni Tihi okean i remeti dostupnost hrane, pa ptice putuju dalje u potrazi za plenom.
Adult and immature blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii) rest on rocks near the entrance to the Panama Canal as seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, off the coast of Panama City, Panama, August 5, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Toplije vode naterale su ključne vrste riba — poput inćuna i sardina — da se povuku iz svojih tradicionalnih hranilišta, što je primoralo ptice da duže lete i traže nova mesta za lov. Stručnjaci upozoravaju da ovakva pomeranja ukazuju na osetljivost morskih ekosistema i na to koliko brzo divlje vrste mogu biti primorane na adaptaciju.
Adult and immature blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii) rest on rocks near the entrance to the Panama Canal as seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, off the coast of Panama City, Panama, August 5, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Podaci i zapažanja
Adult and immature blue-footed boobies (Sula nebouxii) rest on rocks near the entrance to the Panama Canal as seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, off the coast of Panama City, Panama, August 5, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Direktorka Audubon Society of Panama, Rosabel Miró, navodi da su posmatrači ptica počeli da primećuju neuobičajeno velik broj južnoameričkih vrsta već u junu, u isto vreme kada su prognoze jasno ukazivale na formiranje snažnog El Niño. Platforma građanske nauke eBird zabeležila je između 60 i 400 plavonogih boobyja oko Peñón de San José i obližnjih oblasti od juna, što je znatno više u odnosu na prethodne jake El Niño cikluse (21–200 tokom 2014–2016. i 3–62 tokom 2023–2024.).
Rosabel Miro, executive director of the Audubon Society of Panama, points to an image of an Inca tern (Larosterna inca) on a cellphone attached to a spotting scope during a birdwatching tour along the coast, as seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile, including Inca terns, appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, in Panama City, Panama, August 2, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
„Ovo nisu selice. To su ptice koje su, zbog nedostatka hrane, primorane da migriraju“, rekla je Miró, i upozorila da prošli El Niño događaji narušavaju cikluse razmnožavanja i smanjuju reproduktivni uspeh.
El Niño Menja Morski Ekosistem
Prema Stevenu Patonu iz Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama već beleži izuzetne klimatske anomalije povezane sa razvijajućim se El Niño. "Od maja, svaki mesec je bio ili najtopliji ili drugi najtopliji koji smo zabeležili za taj mesec", kaže Paton, koji podseća na dugoročne temperaturne i padavinske podatke iz regiona.
Fisherman Angel Melendez shows a picture on his cellphone of an Inca tern (Larosterna inca) he saw days earlier in Panama Bay as the seabirds, native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile, appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, in Panama City, Panama, August 8, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Paton objašnjava da snažni El Niño produbljuje termoklinu — granicu između toplih površinskih voda i hladnih, hranjivim materijama bogatih voda ispod — čime se otežava pristup hranljivim materijama i opada ukupna morska produktivnost. To se prenosi kroz lanac ishrane i utiče na ribe, ptičje vrste i širu ekološku ravnotežu.
Emmanuel Velasquez, head of forecasting and monitoring at the Panama Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, shows a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) map of sea surface temperatures indicating unusually warm waters along the Peruvian coast as El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, in Panama City, Panama, August 5, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Regionalni efekti
Rosabel Miro, executive director of the Audubon Society of Panama, adjusts a spotting scope to show birds to participants during a birdwatching tour along the Amador Causeway as seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile, including Inca terns (Larosterna inca), appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, in Panama City, Panama, August 2, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Padavine u delu sliva Panamskog kanala trenutno su znatno ispod proseka, a prognoze ukazuju na toplije i suvlje periode do kraja godine, možda i do sredine naredne. Naučnici i dalje proučavaju kako klimatske promene utiču na učestalost i intenzitet El Niño događaja, ali napominju da se nekoliko najsnažnijih događaja po intenzitetu desilo u poslednjim decenijama.
An adult blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) rests on rocks near the entrance to the Panama Canal as seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, off the coast of Panama City, Panama, August 3, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Ako se oceanski uslovi vrate u normalu, retke vrste koje su sada prisutne duž pacifičke obale Paname mogle bi neočekivano brzo nestati, baš kao što su se i pojavile.
Adult and immature Inca terns (Larosterna inca) rest on a floating platform as the seabirds, native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile, appear outside their usual range while El Nino warms the eastern Pacific and disrupts marine food supplies, off the coast of Panama City, Panama, August 2, 2026. REUTERS/Enea Lebrun
Izveštavali: Enea Lebrun u Panama Bayu i Stefanie Eschenbacher u Meksiko Sitiju; uređivanje: Emily Green i Sanjeev Miglani.
Pomozite nam da budemo bolji.
