IUCN upozorava da je 62% mekušaca koji žive na hidrotermalnim izvorima (125 od 201 vrste) u riziku zbog duboko-morskog rudarstva koje stvara sedimente i zagušuje staništa. Ove vrste, iako malobrojne u globalnom smislu, igraju ključnu ulogu u ekosistemima i imaju potencijalne primene u medicini i tehnologiji. IUCN poziva na moratorijum pred sastanak Međunarodne uprave za morsko dno u Jamajci (13.–31. jul).
IUCN: Duboko-morsko rudarstvo preti mekušcima sa hidrotermalnih izvora — 62% vrsta u riziku
FILE PHOTO: A view shows an active venting chimney at the Jan Mayen Vent Fields on the Arctic Mid-Oceanic Ridge and a lot of white microbial mats cover the chimney, at a depth of around 500m, in this undated handout picture. University of Bergen, Centre for Deep Sea Research/Handout via REUTERS/ File Photo
Ženeva, 9. jul (Reuters) - Više od polovine mekušaca koji žive oko hidrotermalnih izvora na dnu okeana suočava se sa ozbiljnim rizikom izumiranja zbog ubrzanog interesa za duboko-morsko rudarstvo, upozorava Međunarodna unija za očuvanje prirode (IUCN).
IUCN je predložio moratorijum na vađenje minerala sa morskog dna pre ključnih razgovora pod okriljem Ujedinjenih nacija, koji treba da odrede pravila za eksploataciju ovih područja.
Zašto su hidrotermalni izvori važni
Hidrotermalni izvori izbacuju vrele, mineralima bogate fluide koji podstiču jedinstvene mikrosisteme. Iako vent-dwelling mekušci čine manje od 1% globalne raznovrsnosti mekušaca, oni su ključni za hranidbene mreže tih staništa i imaju potencijalne primene u medicini i tehnologiji.
Prema najnovijoj IUCN "Crvenoj listi", 62% mekušaca koji nastanjuju hidrotermalne izvore — 125 od ukupno 201 vrste — sada su klasifikovani kao ugroženi zbog rudarskih aktivnosti. Rudarske operacije stvaraju oblake sedimenta koji zagušuju i prekrivaju staništa, ometajući ceo ekosistem.
"Duboko-morsko rudarstvo bi ugušilo čitav ekosistem," rekao je dr Chong Chen, član IUCN Grupe stručnjaka za mekušce, za Reuters. Dodao je da gubitak mekušaca na jednom polju izvora povlači za sobom gubitak mnogih drugih vrsta koje zavise od istog staništa.
Potencijal za nauku i tehnologiju
Neke vrste već su pokazale vrednost za ljude: puž poznat kao "scaly-foot" razvija jedinstven proces biomineralizacije koji istraživači koriste pri razvoju nanomaterijala za tehnologije poput solarnih ćelija. Druge vrste se proučavaju kao moguća osnova za alternative plastici ili nove medicinske materijale.
"Dozvoliti da ove vrste izumru značilo bi izgubiti biološka rešenja za buduće izazove u medicini, materijalima i tehnologiji pre nego što ih uopšte otkrijemo," dodao je dr Chen.
Crvena lista je objavljena pred sastanak Međunarodne uprave za morsko dno (International Seabed Authority, ISA) u Jamajci, koji će se održati od 13. do 31. jula, gde će države i industrija razmatrati pravila za vađenje metala sa morskog dna.
Dok IUCN i mnoge ekološke organizacije zahtevaju privremenu zabranu pre početka eksploatacije, neke vlade i kompanije podržavaju nastavak aktivnosti. Administracija predsednika Donalda Trumpa ranije je ubrzala izdavanje dozvola američkim firmama koje traže kritične minerale u međunarodnim vodama.
(Izveštavala Emma Farge; uredio Andrei Khalip)
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