NASA-in Artemis program koristi Mesec kao probnu platformu za tehnologije i procedure koje će omogućiti ljudske misije na Mars. Artemis II je desetodnevna test-misija kruženja oko Meseca sa četvoro astronauta, dok naredne misije imaju zadatak da testiraju doking i komercijalna lunarna sletala. NASA planira stalnu bazu na lunarnom južnom polu, a paralelno priprema i misiju sa nuklearnim-fisionim pogonom za Mars, sa dolaskom oko 2030. i rasporedom helikoptera za mapiranje mesta sletanja.
Zašto se vraćamo na Mesec? Kako NASA-in Artemis program priprema put ka Marsu
The crew of Artemis II (from left) Jeremy Hansen, Christina Koch, Victor Glover and Reid Wiseman pose for pictures as their ride to the moon is transported from the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, Fla. to the launch pad Jan. 17, 2026.
Pisci naučne fantastike decenijama su zamišljali ljude na Marsu, ali sada je realnost bliža nego što smo očekivali. NASA-in program Artemis koristi Mesec kao odskočnu dasku — prvo da testira ljudsku dugotrajnu prisutnost izvan Zemlje, a potom da obezbedi tehnologije i iskustvo potrebne za misije na Crvenu planetu.
Šta je cilj Artemis programa?
Glavni cilj je uspostavljanje održive ljudske prisutnosti u blizini lunarnih polova, posebno na južnom polu Meseca, gde postoje dragoceni resursi poput vodnog leda. Mesec se smatra „geološkim vremenskim kapsulom“ koji čuva podatke o ranoj istoriji Sunčevog sistema, ali i praktičnom platformom za testiranje života i rada ljudi u svemiru tokom dužih perioda.
Artemis II — ključna test-misija
Artemis II je planirana kao desetodnevna misija kruženja oko Meseca čiji je primarni zadatak da potvrdi rad sistema i opreme pre narednih sletanja. Posadu čine četiri astronauta: Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch i iz Kanadske svemirske agencije Jeremy Hansen. Oni će leteti u svemirskoj kapsuli Orion, lansiranoj raketom Space Launch System (SLS).
Raketa SLS je 19. marta 2026. počela transport iz Vehicle Assembly Building ka platformi 39B, a za Artemis II se pominjao mogući datum lansiranja 1. april 2026. iz Kennedy svemirskog centra na Floridi. Misija služi kao kritičan korak pre složenijih operacija u lunarnom okruženju.
Put prema sletanju i baza na Mesecu
Naredne misije u okviru Artemis programa imaju zadatke za testiranje dokinga i komercijalnih lunarnih sletala. Planovi uključuju:
- Artemis III (2027) — testiranje dokovanja Orion kapsule sa komercijalnim lunarnim sletalicama koje razvijaju kompanije kao što su SpaceX i Blue Origin;
- Artemis IV (2028) — planirano je da započne seriju sletanja i doprinese izgradnji infrastrukture za stalnu lunarnu bazu.
Cilj je da se kroz kombinaciju posada i bezposadnih misija izgradi trajna baza blizu lunarnog južnog pola, mestu gde je dostupnost leda i drugih resursa najvrednija za duži boravak ljudi.
Kako sve to vodi ka Marsu
Iskustva stečena na Mesecu pomoći će u razvoju sistema za životnu podršku, energetiku, transport i logistiku koji su neophodni za misije dubljeg svemira. Pored toga, robotske misije na Marsu — uključujući rover-e Perseverance i Curiosity — već su prikupile podatke o terenu, klimi i potencijalnim resursima.
Nuklearna fisiona misija ka Marsu
NASA je najavila misiju planiranu za lansiranje najkasnije do kraja 2028. koja bi koristila nuklearno-fisioni pogon za putovanje ka Marsu. Takav pogon može značajno skratiti vreme putovanja i obezbediti veću snagu, što je važno za napredne operacije i energiju na površini gde su solarni paneli ranjivi zbog prašnjavih oluja.
Plan je da letelica stigne oko 2030. i rasporedi tri helikoptera koji bi, nastavljajući ulogu Ingenuity-ja, mapirali potencijalna mesta za sletanje i koristili radar za pronalaženje izvora podzemne vode — ključnog resursa za buduće posade.
Zašto je Mars važan za nauku?
Iako danas deluje suvo i prašnjavo, Mars nosi dokaze o prošlim uslovima koji su mogli biti pogodni za život. Potraga za znakovima ranog života na Marsu pomaže nam da bolje razumemo evoluciju Zemlje i mogućnost života van našeg planeta.
Ovaj tekst je zasnovan na izveštaju USA TODAY-a i lokalizovan je za srpski jezički prostor. Kontakt za originalnog autora: elagatta@usatoday.com
The Space Launch System rocket Artemis II begins its journey from the Vehicle Assembly Building to Pad 39B March 19, 2026.
The sun rises over Kennedy Space Center and NASA’s Space Launch System vehicle Artemis II, March 24, 2026.
Artemis II begins its journey from the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, Fla. to the launch pad Jan. 17, 2026.
NASA’s Space Launch System rocket Artemis II is rolled back into the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, Fla,, February 25, 2026.
NASA’s Space Launch System rocket Artemis II is rolled back into the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center, FL February 25, 2026.
The full moon rises as Artemis II sits on Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center Feb. 1, 2026.
The astronauts of Artemis II (from left) Victor Glover, Jeremy Hansen, Reid Wiseman and Christina Koch leave crew quarters Dec. 20, 2025 during their pre-launch rehearsal.
The first full moon in June, called the Strawberry Moon, sets over the Orion capsule atop NASA’s Space Launch System rocket just before dawn at Kennedy Space Center on June 15, 2022.
NASA’s Artemis I lifts off from Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, Fla., Nov. 16, 2022
NASA’s Space Launch System rocket arcs into the sky on its maiden voyage, as seen from Harbortown Marina in Merritt Island. The moon, the destination of the Artemis I mission, is visible at top right. After delays and scrubs, the rocket lifted off from Kennedy Space Center at 1:47 a.m., Nov. 16, 2022.
NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman stands with the Artemis II crew during an SLS rollout press briefing.
Thecrew of ArtemisII (from left: Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen, Mission Specialist Christina Koch, Pilot Victor Glover and Commander Reid Wiseman) answer questions at a press conference as their Space Launch System rocket is transported to Pad 39B January 17, 2026. Artemis II is tentatively scheduled to launch on a mission to th Moon in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK
Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman answers questions during a press conference at Kennedy Space Center, FL January 17, 2026. The Artemis II crew is tentatively scheduled to launch in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK
Artemis II Pilot Victor Glover answers questions during a press conference at Kennedy Space Center, FL January 17, 2026. The Artemis II crew is tentatively scheduled to launch in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK
Artemis II Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen answers questions during a press conference at Kennedy Space Center, FL January 17, 2026. The Artemis II crew is tentatively scheduled to launch in early February. Craig Bailey/FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK
The Artemis II crew poses in front of an Orion simulator Jan. 23, 2026 at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
Four astronauts will venture around the Moon on Artemis II, the first crewed mission on NASA's path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration through Artemis. The 10-day flight will help confirm systems and hardware needed for early human lunar exploration missions.
The crew of Artemis II (from left) Jeremy Hansen, Christina Koch, Victor Glover and Reid Wiseman leave crew quarters December 20, 2025 during their pre-launch rehearsal. Craig Bailey, FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK
Artemis II mission specialist Christina Koch talks with spectators as the crew leaves crew quarters December 20, 2025 during their pre-launch rehearsal. Craig Bailey, FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK
The astronauts of Artemis II (from left) Victor Glover, Jeremy Hansen, Reid Wiseman and Christina Koch leave crew quarters December 20, 2025 during their pre-launch rehearsal. Craig Bailey, FLORIDA TODAY via USA TODAY NETWORK
Artemis 2 crew members, shown Aug. 8, 2023 inside the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, walk toward their Orion crew module.
An artist's concept of the Space Reactor-1 mission to send the 1st nuclear-powered spacecraft to Mars
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